A novel distance protection scheme using single‐ended transient voltage based on generalized S transform

Concerning the distance protection steady-state over-reach or under-reach caused by transition resistance, a novel scheme based on transient information is proposed. First, multiple fault features are extracted using Generalized Stockwell Transform (GST), and criterion for identifying low-resistance high-resistance ground faults constructed. Then, GST coefficient matrix established single-ended voltage of line, attenuation delay derived least-squares method beat phenomenon, resistance calculated. On this basis, adjust operation boundary in +R axis direction zone according to value. Finally, test results real-time digital simulation system (RTDS) demonstrate that operates reliably different cases highly immune resistance. Compared with traditional scheme, performs better when large.